Again, it is really just simple math, 30+ players for 11.7 scholarships. 24 or 25 players travel/dress for conference games and they get the majority of the money. Generally speaking, starting pitchers, SSs, CFs, Cs, and legit middle of the order producers get the most money. So if there are 24 guys that are the core of a team and there are only 11.7 scholarships that can possibly invested in that team, if everyone is getting equal money, how much is each player getting? That is right, less then 50%. That is why all that I have written so far is basically to inform you that you can't worry or plan or assume or concern yourself whatsoever about scholarships. How they are offered, to whom they are offered, when they are offered, etc. are all factors that are out of your control.
Additionally, scholarships are renewable on a year to year basis. They are not four year deals as so many assume they are. There is no such thing as a guaranteed "four year full ride." Each player that is fortunate enough to receive ANY scholarship money must earn that on a year to year basis. At the end of each year the coach and player sit down to review the past year and then sign the scholarship papers for the following year.
The coach has to offer at least what he provided the previous year. He can increase it if he wants. He CAN decrease or pull money too, but the player has a right of appeal if that happens. If that situation is upheld, it is likely the player has done something (other than simply play poorly) to lose the money; such as conduct detrimental to the team, drugs, drinking, repeatedly late for practice or scheduled training sessions, missing classes, academic woes, etc. Again, another situation that you probably were unaware of.
Basketball (men and women), football, women's volleyball, women's tennis, and women's gymnastics are "head counter" sports at the D1 level; meaning that they offer full scholarships and do not split them. For example a men's basketball team has 13 full scholarships to give, they do not split them. Those players are on full athletic scholarships or nothing. The equivalency sports can offer the full if they want, but they are allowed to split them to maximize the money they have.
Most sports are equivalency sports. There are a lot of reasons why certain sports are head counter and others are equivalency, mostly related to their ability to generate revenue. Some non revenue generating sports are head counter sports due to Title IX. Simply stated, because football gets 85 scholarships, legislation (and frankly fairness) says that there must be an equivalent number of full scholarships available for women student-athletes.
Ok, this is a lot more information than you wanted or I figured I would give, but with this comment from you, "...Of course we would love to see him be able to get a full scholarship for his athletic talent. I have spoken with him about being a 'walk on or recruited walk on' and he does not want to get into a situation where he is enrolled in school and does not make the team as a walk on. He really wants to play and does not want to 'risk' enrolling and then not being selected to play."
I figured you needed some education. If his talent was that great right now, he likely would have been offered already, or maybe it is just a case of not being seen enough. I have seen him; he is a good player, but not a full scholarship player. For me, if I was still coaching at the D1 level, I would view your son as a recruited walk-on or a small scholarship player. I would figure that he could blossom in our program, but he just is not far enough advanced that I see him making a big impact as a freshman and at this point, I don't think he is going to be a top 10 round pick out of high school.
I just wouldn't feel that I had to pay that much money to get a strong left handed bat at the 1B position, when I can find similar players at the JC level who have much more experience and polished hitting ability closer to the D1 level. Now, your son brings the added dimension of pitching, so that is a bit different and makes him more valuable, if he is seen as a prospect on the mound, which I think he is. Remember, very few freshman make big impacts. The leap to D1 ball (top 50 level) is monstrous.
Being a recruited walk-on means the program wants the player. It means they recruit him as much as any other player; they just don't have the money to invest in his position for whatever reason (see the aforementioned scenarios). Most of the money is spent in the early signing period, not all of it, but a lot of it.
When a program says they have spent all they have for a recruiting class, then unless they lose a guy to the draft or a transfer, they know exactly the amount of money that is outgoing and they have already offered and reinvested it during the early signing period. There is always money in the late period (that is why there is a late period), but it is not as exact as what you know is available in the early period. If a school does not find the right player in the early period for a certain position, they will wait and hold that money into the spring period.
So long and short, your son should only hope to get recruited with the goal of finding a program and school that is a fit for him both academically, athletically, and socially. He will know if he is being actively recruited and if he is wanted by a program because that program will let him know. As for the financial part, it is the last part of the equation that at program and player/family have to figure out.
Sometimes what is offered is not exactly reflective of how much a player is valued and that can be hard to understand. But if a school really needs a pitcher and they only have 75% left to offer and if the pitcher they want/need is going to cost them 75%, then they have to give it to him. But at the same time they may really want a player like your son, but just do not have the money to invest in him as a freshman because they had to secure a great need. Does that make sense?
Recruited walk-on is only a label. Players that can play, they get recruited and they get opportunities to play. If a coach sees a kid play and they recruit him based upon his ability, then they want him. The scholarship money does not say they want him. Recruiting his ability after seeing him play says they want him. Those players, recruited walk-ons, are starting for and impacting every program in the nation, even on the College World Series teams. Believe it.
A dicey situation is when a player is invited as a walk-on without the coaching staff seeing him play much or at all. If the player is actively recruited and invited to become part of the program, then that player is generally secure. Remember, no player is 100% secure, even the big scholarship guys. If they don't perform well or just can't handle D1 ball or are not the right kind of person, guess what, they won't be in that program for long.
Your son needs to worry about getting recruited, finding a fit, and then when he does get his opportunity to commit somewhere, once he gets there, scholarship or no scholarship, he will need to fight and work everyday to keep his opportunity, just like every other player.
I hope this long, long, long email helps you and him understand more about scholarship players and recruited walk-ons because in the eyes of the coaches that recruit those players, there really is not a difference, except basic supply and demand.
-End of the email-
Now, some coaches out there will dispute much of what I have written, but all of the above situations happen. That is not to say that all the above situations are common because they are not. But the point to be made was that parents and players in general should not concern themselves with things that are out of their control. A scholarship offer is a privilege and a VERY SMALL percentage of high school baseball players will even receive $1 of athletic aide. It is just not as common as many people think, for a variety of reasons.